An increasing number of studies investigate the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) or use
the vMMN as a tool to probe various aspects of human cognition. This paper reviews the …

The predictive coding model is increasingly and fruitfully used to explain a wide range of
findings in perception. Here we discuss the potential of this model in explaining the …

In this mini-review, we summarized the results of 12 visual mismatch negativity (vMMN)
studies that attempted to use this component as a tool for investigating differences between …

The human brain is constantly subjected to a multimodal stream of probabilistic sensory
inputs. Electroencephalography (EEG) signatures, such as the mismatch negativity (MMN) …

Background The human brain is frequently exposed to individual faces across a wide range
of different apparent sizes, often seen simultaneously (eg, when facing a crowd). Here we …

The brain is subjected to multi‐modal sensory information in an environment governed by
statistical dependencies. Mismatch responses (MMRs), classically recorded with EEG, have …

Brain function can be conceived as a hierarchy of generative models that optimizes
predictions of sensory inputs and minimizes “surprise.” Each level of the hierarchy makes …

Our brain is able to automatically detect changes in sensory stimulation, including in vision.
A large variety of changes of features in stimulation elicit a deviance-reflecting event-related …

Detection of changes in facial emotional expressions is crucial to communicate and to
rapidly and automatically process possible threats in the environment. Recent studies …

Automatic detection of environmental change is a core component of attention. The
mismatch negativity (MMN), an electrophysiological marker of this mechanism, has been …