Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a crucial enforcer of immune homeostasis and
tolerance, inhibiting the expansion and function of many components of the immune system …

Immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment paradigms of various types of cancers.
However, most of these immunomodulatory strategies focus on harnessing adaptive …

The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway, which is well studied for its ability to
inhibit cell proliferation in early stages of tumorigenesis while promoting epithelial …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in both suppressive
and inflammatory immune responses. After 30 years of intense study, we have only begun to …

Tremendous progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of the antiviral
actions of interferons (IFNs), as well as strategies evolved by viruses to antagonize the …

Astrocytes are the major glial cell within the central nervous system (CNS) and have a
number of important physiological properties related to CNS homeostasis. The aspect of …

The expression of MHC class I molecules is crucial for the initiation and regulation of
adaptive immune responses against pathogens. NOD-, LRR-and CARD-containing 5 …

MHC class I plays a critical role in the immune defense against viruses and tumors by
presenting antigens to CD8 T cells. An NLR protein, class II transactivator (CIITA), is a key …

The bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS) is a hereditary immunodeficiency resulting from the
absence of major istocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression. Considering the …

STAT transcription factors are expressed in many cell types and bind to similar sequences.
However, different STAT gene knock-outs show very distinct phenotypes. To determine …