During the last two decades, there has been broad interest in RNA-based technologies for
the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. Preclinical and clinical trials have …

Seasonal influenza viruses cause recurring global epidemics by continually evolving to
escape host immunity. The viral constraints and host immune responses that limit and drive …

Background We evaluated safety and immunogenicity of the first mRNA vaccines against
potentially pandemic avian H10N8 and H7N9 influenza viruses. Methods Two randomized …

Currently available influenza virus vaccines have inadequate effectiveness and are
reformulated annually due to viral antigenic drift. Thus, development of a vaccine that …

Chasing Seasonal Influenza As we prepare for a potentially severe influenza season, we
must consider whether our current vaccines can be improved and whether longer-term …

Although antiviral drugs and vaccines have reduced the economic and healthcare burdens
of influenza, influenza epidemics continue to take a toll. Over the past decade, research on …

So far this season, influenza A (H3N2) viruses have predominated, but other influenza
viruses are also circulating. Based on data from 4,562 children and adults with acute …

Human influenza virus rapidly accumulates mutations in its major surface protein
hemagglutinin (HA). The evolutionary success of influenza virus lineages depends on how …

Hemagglutinin (HA) is most abundant glycoprotein on the influenza virus surface. Influenza
HA promotes viral entry by engaging the receptor and mediating virus–host membrane …

Annual seasonal influenza vaccines are composed of two influenza A strains representing
the H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes, and two influenza B strains representing the Victoria and …