Almost all land plants form symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi. These below‐
ground fungi play a key role in terrestrial ecosystems as they regulate nutrient and carbon …

Orchids are associated with diverse fungal taxa, including nonmycorrhizal endophytic fungi
as well as mycorrhizal fungi. The orchid mycorrhizal (OM) symbiosis is an excellent model …

Orchids form mycorrhizal symbioses with fungi in natural habitats that affect their seed
germination, protocorm growth, and adult nutrition. An increasing number of studies …

Orchid conservation efforts, using seeds and species-specific fungi that support seed
germination, require the isolation, identification, and germination enhancement testing of …

Abstract Background and Aims Although mycorrhizal associations are predominantly
generalist, specialized mycorrhizal interactions have repeatedly evolved in Orchidaceae …

Understanding the processes that determine the architecture of interaction networks
represents a major challenge in ecology and evolutionary biology. One of the most important …

Mycoheterotrophic plants (MHPs) are leafless, achlorophyllous, and completely dependent
on mycorrhizal fungi for their carbon supply. Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a mutualistic …

Abstract Background and Aims An understanding of mycorrhizal variation, orchid seed
germination temperature and the effect of co-occurring plant species could be critical for …

Plant dependence on fungal carbon (mycoheterotrophy) evolved repeatedly. In orchids, it is
connected with a mycorrhizal shift from rhizoctonia to ectomycorrhizal fungi and a high …

To obtain compatible fungi for symbiotic seed germination is a key step for seed-based
orchid conservation. This is particularly important to the practice of restoration-friendly …