The ectothermic vertebrates are a diverse group that includes the Fishes (Agnatha,
Chondrichthyes, and Osteichthyes), and the stem Tetrapods (Amphibians and Reptiles) …

In the late twentieth century, tremendous use of second-class organophosphate insecticides
especially chlorpyrifos (CPF) resulting into heavy accumulation in different non-targeted …

Gill and air sac of the indian catfish Heteropneustes fossilis harbour a nerve network
comprising an innervated system of neuroepithelial endocrine cells; the latter cells are found …

The microvasculature of the pseudobranch in Anabas testudineus and the carotid labyrinth
of Heteropneustes fossilis have been studied using scanning electronmicroscopy of Mercox …

Carotid labyrinth of land vertebrates is known for the last two centuries but that of fishes for
the last few decades only. It has been found to occur in catfishes (Siluroidei) alone and there …

Pseudobranchial neurosecretory system (PSNS) is the third Neuroendocrine (NE) system
found in the gill region of fishes in close association with pseudobranch/carotid …

The pseudobranchial neurosecretory system (PNS) is a system of neurosecretion observed
in certain groups of teleosts, which are air-breathing or known to tolerate low oxygen tension …

In teleosts the pseudobranch is generally accepted as a modified posterior hemibranch of
the mandibular gill arch that often fused to the anterior of the opercular cavity, but due to …

Fish are known to have branchial chemoreceptors and even extrabranchial chemoreceptors
to meet the challenges of aquatic environment. The pseudobranchial neurosecretory system …

Various putative oxygen chemosensory cells are reported to be present throughout the
vertebrate body performing pivotal roles in respiration by initiating responses during acute …