Tumor metastasis is a major contributor to the death of cancer patients. It is driven not only
by the intrinsic alterations in tumor cells, but also by the implicated cross-talk between …

Macrophages are phagocytes that serve as a first line of defense against pathogenic insults
to tissues. These innate immune cells mount proinflammatory responses to pathogens and …

Infiltration of macrophages in solid tumours is associated with poor prognosis and correlates
with chemotherapy resistance in most cancers. In mouse models of cancer, macrophages …

Although notable progress has been made on novel cancer treatments, the overall survival
rate and therapeutic effects are still unsatisfactory for cancer patients …

Effective cancer immunotherapy is usually blocked by immunosuppressive factors in the
tumour microenvironment, resulting in tumour promotion, metastasis and recurrence. Here …

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily.
Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and …

The CD40 receptor and its ligand CD40L is one of the most critical molecular pairs of the
stimulatory immune checkpoints. Both CD40 and CD40L have a membrane form and a …

The immune system deploys a multitude of innate and adaptive mechanisms not only to
ward off pathogens but also to prevent malignant transformation (“immune surveillance”) …

Background There is a strong unmet need to improve systemic therapy in mesothelioma.
Chemotherapy with cisplatin and pemetrexed improves survival in malignant pleural …

Most tumors are unresponsive to immune checkpoint blockade, especially if deep
immunosuppression in the tumor develops prior to and prevents T cell immunosurveillance …