The main ecosystem services (ES) central European mountain forests provide are:
protection against gravitational hazards, timber production, recreation, biodiversity …

Worldwide, gravitational natural hazards pose risks to residential areas and infrastructures
in mountainous, but also in other relief-rich areas. To protect against those hazards, nature …

Over the past decades, integral risk management of natural hazards has become
increasingly important. Although risk analyses have been established for the design of …

A rockfall is a mass instability event frequently observed in road cuts, open pit mines and
quarries, steep slopes and cliffs. After its detachment, the rock mass may disaggregate and …

The Alpine area is particularly sensitive to climatic and environmental changes that might
impact socio-ecosystems and modify the regime of natural hazards. Among them, wildfire is …

Forests produce significant non-market benefits by protecting residential and commercial
real estate as well as all kinds of infrastructure (eg rail tracks, highways, power lines) against …

Forests serve as a natural means of protection against small rockfalls. Due to their barrier
effect, they reduce the intensity and the propagation probability of falling rocks and thus …

The abandonment of chestnut coppice management since the end of WWII has caused a
general overaging of coppice stands leading to their inability to meet stand and soil stability …

Forest fires are expected to be more frequent and more intense with climate change,
including in temperate and mountain forest ecosystems. In the Alps, forest vulnerability to fire …

Does rock shape matter to the mitigation effects of trees on rockfall hazards? This question
must be resolved in order to better quantify the protective role of mountain forests against …