A reasonable and applicative tunnel light environment is important to ensure driving safety.
This review aims to contribute to this growing area of research by exploring the tunnel …

Most of traffic information inside the tunnel is obtained by the driver's vision, and tunnel
lighting environment is one of the main visual information sources. As one of indispensable …

In the pursuit of lower carbon footprints on a global scale, tunnel lighting design has become
a critical issue, balancing safety, cost-efficiency, and environmental impact. Under such …

With a growing focus on safety and energy efficiency in tunnel lighting, Accompanying
Vehicle Lighting Length (AVLL) has emerged as a dynamic solution to provide targeted …

Two types of pavement material, including concrete and asphalt, have been utilized in road
tunnel. Due to the distinct color and reflection characteristics of concrete and asphalt …

In response to the special feature of the east–west oriented road tunnel entrance being
easily exposed to direct sunlight, a study was conducted on the glare phenomenon at the …

With the proliferation of tunnels in mountainous and intricate landscapes, the design of
tunnel lighting has emerged as a crucial factor in curbing tunnel-related accidents and …

The quality of lighting in enclosed environments has always been a concern, and in many
cases, it even causes a game between comfort (even safety) and energy consumption. How …

The tunnel pavement is generally made of asphalt or concrete. Due to the relatively fixed
material of pavement, the effect of tunnel pavement setting on the lighting environment and …

Sustainable development has become mainstream in today's era, and sustainability
education is gradually gaining attention worldwide. This study addresses the issue of …