Major differences between men and women exist in epidemiology, manifestation,
pathophysiology, treatment, and outcome of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as …

The heart must continuously pump blood to supply the body with oxygen and nutrients. To
maintain the high energy consumption required by this role, the heart is equipped with …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) encompasses a syndrome of diseases that are characterized
by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling and that …

Cachexia is associated with poor prognosis in chronic heart failure patients, but the
underlying mechanisms of cachexia triggered disease progression remain poorly …

Objectives: This study sought to investigate the effect of different types of exercise on left
ventricular (LV) geometry in a large group of female and male athletes. Background: Studies …

Background: Conditions of excess androgen in women, such as polycystic ovary syndrome
(PCOS), often exhibit intergenerational transmission. One way in which the risk for PCOS …

Objective To determine whether endogenous testosterone has a causal role in
thromboembolism, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. Design Two sample mendelian …

It is well-known that sex hormones can directly and indirectly influence immune cell function.
Different studies support a suppressive role of androgens on different components of the …

Abstract Purpose of Review Sex hormones drive development and function of reproductive
organs or the development of secondary sex characteristics but their effects on the …

Background Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is discussed as a new biomarker of cardiac
hypertrophy and mortality in patients with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD). We …