Importance Despite advances in the assessment of technical skills in surgery, a clear
understanding of the composites of technical expertise is lacking. Surgical simulation allows …

In this paper, the authors present a physical model developed to simulate accurate external
ventricular drain (EVD) placement with realistic haptic and visual feedbacks to serve as a …

OBJECTIVE Understanding the variation of learning curves of experts and trainees for a
given surgical procedure is important in implementing formative learning paradigms to …

This study aims to understand the impact forces that surgeons apply to the human spine
during a posterior spinal fusion procedure towards the development of a novel spine …

Currently, anatomically consistent segmentation of vascular trees acquired with magnetic
resonance imaging requires the use of multiple image processing steps, which, in turn …

Background Ventriculostomy is a common neurosurgical procedure with a relatively steep
learning curve. A low-cost, high-fidelity simulator paired with procedure-specific …

The Dextroscope is a surgical planning system that takes advantage of some of the key
aspects of virtual reality to maximize the potential of multimodal patient data: two-handed …

Low back pain is globally considered the leading cause of disability. Spinal fusion is a
surgical procedure used to treat low back pain caused by trauma or degenerative disorders …

Background: The NeuroVR virtual reality neurosurgical simulation platform has been used to
analyze the bimanual psychomotor performance of neurosurgeons, residents and medical …