Proteins and peptides (PPs) have gradually become more attractive therapeutic molecules
than small molecular drugs due to their high selectivity and efficacy, but fewer side effects …

The oral route is a preferred method of drug administration, though achieving effective drug
delivery and minimizing off-target side effects is often challenging. Formulation into …

Chitosan is a promising biopolymer for drug delivery systems. Because of its beneficial
properties, chitosan is widely used in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. In this review …

Oral delivery of peptide and protein drugs faces immense challenge partially due to the
gastrointestinal (GI) environment. In spite of considerable efforts by industrial and academic …

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic health disease affecting the homeostasis of blood
sugar levels. However, subcutaneous injection of insulin can lead to patient non …

Hydrogel nanoparticles have gained considerable attention in recent years as one of the
most promising nanoparticulate drug delivery systems owing to their unique potentials via …

Glycosaminoglycans are natural heteropolysaccharides that are present in every
mammalian tissue. They are composed of repeating disaccharide units that consist of either …

This article is aimed to overview the lipid-based nanostructures designed so far for the oral
administration of peptides and proteins, and to analyze the influence of their composition …

Glucuronidation mediated by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) is a significant
metabolic pathway that facilitates efficient elimination of numerous endobiotics and …

Despite enormous efforts that have been made in the search for novel drugs and treatments,
cancer continues to be a major public health problem. Moreover, the emergence of …