The general secretory (Sec) pathway comprises an essential, ubiquitous and universal
export machinery for most proteins that integrate into, or translocate through, the plasma …

Many proteins are translocated across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in
eukaryotes or the plasma membrane in prokaryotes. These proteins use hydrophobic signal …

We present a whole-cell fully dynamical kinetic model (WCM) of JCVI-syn3A, a minimal cell
with a reduced genome of 493 genes that has retained few regulatory proteins or small …

Human γ-secretase is an intra-membrane protease that cleaves many different substrates.
Aberrant cleavage of Notch is implicated in cancer, while abnormalities in cutting amyloid …

The biogenesis, folding, and structure of α-helical membrane proteins (MPs) are important to
understand because they underlie virtually all physiological processes in cells including key …

Cotranslational protein translocation is a universally conserved process for secretory and
membrane protein biosynthesis. Nascent polypeptides emerging from a translating …

In mammalian cells, secretory and membrane proteins are translocated across or inserted
into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane by the universally conserved protein …

The membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of nucleated human cells harbors the
protein translocon, which facilitates membrane integration or translocation of almost every …

Hydrophobic signal sequences target secretory polypeptides to a protein-conducting
channel formed by a heterotrimeric membrane protein complex, the prokaryotic SecY or …

Secreted and integral membrane proteins compose up to one-third of the biological
proteome. These proteins contain hydrophobic signals that direct their translocation across …