Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) are a recent toxicological construct that connects, in a
formalized, transparent and quality-controlled way, mechanistic information to apical …

The recent advent of microphysiological systems–microfluidic biomimetic devices that aspire
to emulate the biology of human tissues, organs and circulation in vitro–is envisaged to …

Sensitization, the prerequisite event in the development of allergic contact dermatitis, is a
key parameter in both hazard and risk assessments. The pathways involved have recently …

Safety sciences must cope with uncertainty of models and results as well as information
gaps. Acknowledging this uncertainty necessitates embracing probabilities and accepting …

Skin sensitization is a toxicity endpoint of widespread concern, for which the mechanistic
understanding and concurrent necessity for non-animal testing approaches have evolved to …

The exposome encompasses an individual's exposure to exogenous chemicals, as well as
endogenous chemicals that are produced or altered in response to external stressors. While …

Sustainable development is a key challenge for contemporary human societies; failure to
achieve sustainability could threaten human survival. In this review article, we illustrate how …

There is a paucity of information concerning the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) hazard
posed by industrial and environmental chemicals. New testing approaches will most likely …

Neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity are important issues of chemical hazard
assessment. Since the interpretation of animal data and their extrapolation to man is …

Read-across (RAx) translates available information from well-characterized chemicals to a
substance for which there is a toxicological data gap. The OECD is working on case studies …