What is known about the biological activity of fish cytokines is reviewed. Most of the
functional studies performed to date have been in teleost fish, and have focused on the …

Cytokines are low molecular weight glycoproteins involved in the regulation of the immune
system, and more than 100 cytokines have hitherto been identified in humans. Cytokines …

Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) and interleukin 34 (IL34) signal via the CSF1 receptor to
regulate macrophage differentiation. Studies in IL34-or CSF1-deficient mice have revealed …

The present paradigm dictates that phagocytosis is accomplished mainly by'professional'
phagocytes (such as macrophages and monocytes), whereas B cells lack phagocytic …

Overcrowding conditions and temperatures shifts regularly manifest in large-scale infections
of farmed fish, resulting in economic losses for the global aquaculture industries. Increased …

In this review, we support taking polarized immune responses in teleost fish from a
'macrophage first'point of view, a hypothesis that reverts the dichotomous T helper (TH) 1 …

The colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is a key tyrosine kinase transmembrane
receptor modulating microglial homeostasis, neurogenesis, and neuronal survival in the …

During infection, macrophage lineage cells eliminate infiltrating pathogens through a battery
of antimicrobial responses, where the efficacy of these innate immune responses is pivotal …

The advent of flow cytometry-based applications has significantly impacted the study of
cellular apoptosis. Propidium iodide (PI) is a commonly used viability stain in these studies …

Abstract Mammalian macrophage CSF (MCSF; CSF-1) is the primary regulator of the
mononuclear phagocyte lineage. We, for the first time, report the complete sequencing of …