Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological systems are transient but essential molecules
that are generated and eliminated by a complex set of delicately balanced molecular …

The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) cellular signaling pathway is a promising target
for cancer immunotherapy. Activation of the intracellular STING protein triggers the …

Ferroptosis is evolving as a highly promising approach to combat difficult-to-treat tumour
entities including therapy-refractory and dedifferentiating cancers,–. Recently, ferroptosis …

Cells are exquisitely compartmentalized to achieve precise spatiotemporal regulation of
myriad processes and pathways. Phase separation offers one way to achieve territorial …

The Krebs cycle-derived metabolite itaconate, whose production is catalyzed by immune
response gene 1 (IRG1), has potential to link immunity and metabolism in activated …

Viruses rely on the reprogramming of cellular processes to enable efficient viral replication;
this often requires subcompartmentalization within the host cell. Liquid–liquid phase …

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has received significant attention in recent biological
studies. It refers to a phenomenon that biomolecule exceeds the solubility, condensates and …

TIGIT is an inhibitory receptor expressed on lymphocytes and can inhibit T cells by
preventing CD226 co-stimulation through interactions in cis or through competition of shared …

Abstract pH is tightly maintained at cellular, tissue, and systemic levels, and altered pH–
particularly in the acidic range–is associated with infection, injury, solid tumors, and …

Innate immunity is essential for the host against pathogens, cancer, and autoimmunity. The
innate immune system encodes many sensor, adaptor, and effector proteins and relies on …