The brain harbors a unique ability to, figuratively speaking, shift its gears. During
wakefulness, the brain is geared fully toward processing information and behaving, while …

Mammals have two specialized vascular circulatory systems: the blood vasculature and the
lymphatic vasculature. The lymphatic vasculature is a unidirectional conduit that returns …

Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors. There are no effective
medical therapies for meningioma patients, and new treatments have been encumbered by …

The concept of immune privilege suggests that the central nervous system is isolated from
the immune system. However, recent studies have highlighted the borders of the central …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced by the choroid plexuses within the ventricles of the
brain and circulates through the subarachnoid space of the skull and spinal column to …

Animal studies implicate meningeal lymphatic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of
neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (PD) …

Recent work has shown that meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs), mainly in the dorsal part
of the skull, are involved in the clearance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but the precise route …

Neuroimmunology, albeit a relatively established discipline, has recently sparked numerous
exciting findings on microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system …

Immune surveillance against pathogens and tumours in the central nervous system is
thought to be limited owing to the lack of lymphatic drainage. However, the characterization …

Neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, are characterized by invasion of the
brain by autoreactive T cells. The mechanism for how T cells acquire their encephalitogenic …