Objective To systematically review methods developed and employed to evaluate the
diagnostic accuracy of medical test when there is a missing or no gold standard. Study …

The performance of a diagnostic test is best evaluated against a reference test that is without
error. For many diseases, this is not possible, and an imperfect reference test must be used …

Most diagnostic studies exclude missing values and inconclusive results from the analysis or
apply simple methods resulting in biased accuracy estimates. This may be due to the lack of …

Objectives Dementia remains a clinical diagnosis with a degree of subjective assessment
and potential for interrater disagreement. We described interrater agreement of clinical …

Standard methods for the meta‐analysis of medical tests, without assuming a gold standard,
are limited to dichotomous data. Multivariate probit models are used to analyse correlated …

The conditional independence assumption of the Felligi and Sunter (FS) model in
probabilistic record linkage is often violated when matching real-world data. Ignoring …

Record linkage methods commonly use a traditional latent class model to classify record
pairs from different sources as true matches or non‐matches. This approach was first …

Many different methods for evaluating diagnostic test results in the absence of a gold
standard have been proposed. In this paper, we discuss how one common method, a …

Standard methods for the meta-analysis of medical tests without a gold standard are limited
to dichotomous data. Multivariate probit models are used to analyze correlated binary data …

Understanding the long term effects of infectious disease can help clinicians anticipate,
predict, and treat adverse health outcomes that may arise. To discern the natural history of …