A review of selected works on spatial memory in animals and humans is presented, and
some ideas about the encoding of geometry and its role in evolution are presented, based …

Since the proposal of Tolman (1948) that mammals form maplike representations of familiar
environments, cognitive map theory has been at the core of debates on the fundamental …

Learning relational language has been implicated in the development of spatial relational
reasoning. We hypothesized that children's encoding of the midpoint, a complex spatial …

Previous experiments have assessed planning during sequential responding to computer
generated stimuli by Old World nonhuman primates including chimpanzees and rhesus …

Landmark use has been demonstrated in a variety of organisms, yet the manner in which
landmarks are encoded and subsequently used appears to vary between and sometimes …

Understanding animals' spatial perception is a critical step toward discerning their cognitive
processes. The spatial sense is multimodal and based on both the external world and …

We investigated whether the morphology of microglia in the molecular layer of the dentate
gyrus (DG-Mol) or in the lacunosum molecular layer of CA1 (CA1-LMol) was correlated with …

Marine mammals travel the world's oceans. Some species regularly return to specific places
to breathe, haul-out or breed. However, the mechanisms they use to return are unknown …

Rotational displacement tasks, in which participants must track an object at a hiding location
within an array while the array rotates, exhibit a puzzling developmental pattern in humans …

We investigated reasoning about spatial relational similarity in three great ape species:
chimpanzees, bonobos, and orangutans. Apes were presented with three spatial mapping …