One enduring debate about the ideological origins of the US Constitution concerns whether
it reflected and gave effect to a" classical" theory of statecraft. Richard Epstein has argued …

A patent working requirement (" working requirement") is a component of many, though not
all, national patent systems. A working requirement is a provision of a national patent statute …

Article III of the Constitution vests what it calls"[t] he judicial Power of the United States" in
courts that enjoy structural protections against political influence-courts staffed by judges …

IN September 2012, eighty-one companies with nonsensical names such as CleOrv,
DucPla, and EntNil began sending letters to over 16,000 businesses throughout the United …

Patents are increasingly swept up into the operations of agencies in the modern
administrative state. This has raised anew the fundamental question whether patents are …

This Article uses historical methodology to reframe persistent race and gender gaps in
patent rates as archival silences. Gaps are absences, positioning the missing as failed non …

COMMERCIALIZATION AWARDS Page 1 COMMERCIALIZATION AWARDS CAMILLA A.
HRDY* The United States has a system of intellectual property (IP) that includes patents for …

ABSTRACT The Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (" CAFC")-the appeals court in
charge of virtually all patent cases-has been fraught with controversy since its creation in …

The Intellectual Property Clause (" IP Clause") of the US Constitution has long been a puzzle
for courts and commentators. It authorizes Congress to secure exclusive property rights for …

This paper explores the relationship between urbanization and innovation, as measured
through number of patents issued, in nineteenth-century America. The shape of this …