The hybrid systems were developed in the 1960s but their use increased only during the late
1990s and in the 2000s mostly because of more stringent discharge limits for nitrogen and …

Constructed wetland (CW) works mostly depending on biological and biochemical
processes. No doubt, these processes are affected by climate conditions. This is a challenge …

There are different physicochemical and biological methods to treat effluents. However, their
efficiency is not enough to meet the effluents discharge limits. For this reason, it could be …

In recent years, constructed wetland systems are used widely for the purification of small
amounts of wastewater because they provide very high effects of removing impurities. The …

The utilization of environmentally friendly and eco-safe wastewater treatment plan is
nowadays widespread. This study aimed to assess the potentiality of hybrid constructed …

Constructed wetland (CW) is reliable technology for a range of wastewater treatment
generated through various sources. Contrary to traditional wastewater treatment …

In this paper, the pollutant removal efficiency and the reliability of a vertical and horizontal
flow hybrid constructed wetland (CW) planted with common reed, manna grass, and Virginia …

This paper is a review of research and experiences related to the application of constructed
wetland systems (CWs) in southeastern Poland in 1992–2016. On the basis of literature …

The current research intends to assess the impact of shorter hydraulic retention time (HRTs)
and different sized filter material on the pollutant removal performance of two pilot-scale …

Groundwater is under heavily threat owing to enormous infilteration of dairy farm originated
wastewater into it. The anoxic environment in the groundwater due to mixing of organic rich …