Opioid analgesics are commonly prescribed for acute and chronic pain, but are subject to
abuse. Consequently, toxicology testing programs are frequently implemented for both …

Trichoderma species are well-known biological control agents. In this study, metabolites
from 128 Trichoderma isolates were extracted from liquid cultures using ethyl acetate and …

An amplified tramadol electrochemical sensor was fabricated based on surface modification
of pencil graphite electrode (PGE) by CuO nanoparticle (CuO-NPs) and polypyrrole (pPy) …

Two simple, rapid, and selective analytical procedures were developed for the simultaneous
determination of paracetamol (PR) and tramadol hydrochloride (TR) in a binary mixture …

The study of metabolomics can provide valuable information about biochemical pathways
and processes at the molecular level. There have been many reports that have examined …

In this study, a novel method is described for the determination of tramadol in biological
fluids using molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) as the sample clean-up …

In this work, a new method based on homogeneous liquid-phase microextraction was
developed for the determination of methadone and tramadol. Dipropylamine was used as …

Background Pain is a global, complex health problem that includes physical, emotional, and
social components. The pain management process has many goals, including patient …

The electrochemical behavior of tramadol (TRA) on magneto layer double hydroxide
(LDH)/Fe 3 O 4@ glassy carbon electrode (LDH/Fe 3 O 4@ GCE) was evaluated. Some …

Tramadol, an analgesic agent, and its main metabolites O-desmethyltramadol (M1), N-
desmethyltramadol (M2) and O, N-didesmethyltramadol (M5) were determined …