The mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a crucial role in
regulation of cell survival, metabolism, growth and protein synthesis in response to upstream …

One signal that is overactivated in a wide range of tumour types is the production of a
phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol (3, 4, 5) trisphosphate, by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase …

PTEN is a tumor suppressor with sequence homology to protein tyrosine phosphatases and
the cytoskeletal protein tensin. mPTEN-mutant mouse embryos display regions of increased …

The most recently discovered PTEN tumor suppressor gene has been found to be defective
in a large number of human cancers. In addition, germ-line mutations in PTEN result in the …

The ErbB2-targeting antibody, trastuzumab (Herceptin), has remarkable therapeutic efficacy
in certain patients with ErbB2-overexpressing tumors. The overall trastuzumab response …

▪ Abstract The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family of enzymes is recruited upon growth
factor receptor activation and produces 3′ phosphoinositide lipids. The lipid products of …

Malignant brain tumors strike deep into the psyche of those receiving and those delivering
the diagnosis. Malignant gliomas, the most common subtype of primary brain tumors, are …

▪ Abstract The 3-phosphorylated inositol lipids fulfill roles as second messengers by
interacting with the lipid binding domains of a variety of cellular proteins. Such interactions …

The PTEN tumor suppressor is mutated in diverse human cancers and in hereditary cancer
predisposition syndromes. PTEN is a phosphatase that can act on both polypeptide and …

The number of available breast cancer cell (BCC) lines is small, and only a very few of them
have been extensively studied. Whether they are representative of the tumours from which …