The idea of the existence of an interaction between the immune system and the central
nervous system (CNS) has prompted extensive research interest into the subject of “ …

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which oxidative stress is a key
hallmark. It occurs early in disease pathogenesis and can exacerbate its progression …

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between cellular production of reactive oxygen species and
the counteracting antioxidant mechanisms. The brain with its high oxygen consumption and …

Both melatonin and proteasome inhibitors upregulate antioxidant enzymes including
superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP), hemoxygenase 1 (HO-1), and …

This paper reviews new drug targets in the treatment of depression and new drug
candidates to treat depression. Depression is characterized by aberrations in six intertwined …

Background Cumulative oxidative damage is implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related
macular degeneration (AMD). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a …

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain and play major roles in central nervous
system development, maintenance, and disease. Brain insults cause microglia to proliferate …

Curcumin is the principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice turmeric and has attracted
increasing attention for the treatment of a range of conditions. Research into its potential as …

Increasing evidence suggests that neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's
disease (AD) are mediated via disruption of cholinergic neurons and enhanced oxidative …

Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of psychopathology is crucial for optimized diagnosis
and treatment. Accumulating literature has underlined how mitochondrial bioenergetics …