Although individual behaviors have not been proven to have a strong influence on the risk of
preterm birth, consistent evidence suggests that a constellation of favorable lifestyle factors …

Executive summary Elevated blood pressure is the strongest modifiable risk factor for
cardiovascular disease worldwide. Despite extensive knowledge about ways to prevent as …

874 Circulation September 1, 2015 references are intended to be illustrative and to highlight
significant knowledge in the field. The premise underlying this scientific statement is that, at …

Background—Preterm birth leads to an early switch from fetal to postnatal circulation before
completion of left ventricular in utero development. In animal studies, this results in an …

The “fetal” or “early” origins of adult disease hypothesis was originally put forward by David
Barker and colleagues and stated that environmental factors, particularly nutrition, act in …

Background: Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have been shown to induce
premature vascular aging in apparently healthy children. In mice, ART-induced premature …

Metabolic syndrome is a growing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metabolic
syndrome is characterized by the presence of a variety of metabolic disturbances including …

The concept of a Tetal origins of adult disease'(FOAD) or'fetal programming'was developed
by Barker and colleagues to describe the relationship between birth size and subsequent …

Conduit arteries become stiffer with age due to alterations in their morphology and the
composition of the their major structural proteins, elastin and collagen. The elastic lamellae …

Both epidemiological and clinical evidence suggest relationships between the antenatal
environment and the risk of developing insulin resistance and associated cardiovascular …