Chloroplasts are the organelles that define plants, and they are responsible for
photosynthesis as well as numerous other functions. They are the ancestral members of a …

Glycerolipids constituting the matrix of photosynthetic membranes, from cyanobacteria to
chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells, comprise monogalactosyldiacylglycerol …

Development of chloroplasts and other plastids depends on the import of thousands of
nucleus-encoded proteins from the cytosol. Import is initiated by TOC (translocon at the outer …

Most chloroplast proteins are encoded in the nucleus and synthesized on free, cytosolic
ribosomes in precursor form. Each precursor has an amino‐terminal extension called a …

Most proteins in chloroplasts are encoded by the nuclear genome and synthesized as
precursors with N-terminal targeting signals called transit peptides. Novel machinery has …

Chloroplasts are essential organelles in the cells of plants and algae. The functions of these
specialized plastids are largely dependent on the~ 3000 proteins residing in the organelle …

The translocons at the outer (TOC) and the inner (TIC) envelope membranes of chloroplasts
mediate the targeting and import of several thousand nucleus-encoded preproteins that are …

The endosymbiotic acquisition of mitochondria and plastids more than 1 Ga ago profoundly
impacted eukaryote evolution. At the heart of understanding organelle evolution is the re …

Chloroplasts are organelles of endosymbiotic origin that perform essential functions in
plants. They contain about 3000 different proteins, the vast majority of which are nucleus …

Chloroplasts change their intracellular distribution in response to light intensity. Previously,
we isolated the chloroplast unusual positioning1 (chup1) mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis …