G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) and heterotrimeric G proteins play central roles in a
diverse array of cellular processes. As such, dysregulation of GPCRs and their coupled …

Mechanical forces associated with blood flow play important roles in the acute control of
vascular tone, the regulation of arterial structure and remodeling, and the localization of …

Heterotrimeric G proteins are key players in transmembrane signaling by coupling a huge
variety of receptors to channel proteins, enzymes, and other effector molecules. Multiple …

The Ras-dependent activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways by many
receptors coupled to heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins) …

The cloning of a G protein-coupled extracellular Ca2+ (Cao 2+)-sensing receptor (CaR) has
elucidated the molecular basis for many of the previously recognized effects of Cao 2+ on …

Publisher Summary The chapter introduces the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase
(MAPK) module. The identification of MAP kinase pathways exemplifies the power of …

Hallucinogens, including mescaline, psilocybin, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD),
profoundly affect perception, cognition, and mood. All known drugs of this class are 5-HT 2A …

Opioids are used for pain management despite the side effects that contribute to the opioid
crisis. The pursuit of non-addictive opioid analgesics remains unattained due to the …

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are proline-directed serine/threonine kinases that
are activated by dual phosphorylation on threonine and tyrosine residues in response to a …

TRANSDUCTION of a mitogenic signal from the cell membrane to the nucleus involves the
adapter proteins SHC and Grb2, which mediate activation of the Ras/mitogen-activated …