Glutamate is a versatile molecule existing in both the central nervous system and peripheral
organs. Previous studies have mainly focussed on the biological effect of glutamate in the …

Oxidative stress and inflammation are hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Resveratrol (trans-3, 5, 4 …

Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women may result in abortion or in fetal
teratogenesis; however, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this paper, based on …

Background aims Stem cells may be a promising therapy for acute respiratory distress
syndrome. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies suggested that the mesenchymal stromal cells …

It has been well-acknowledged that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in central
nervous system play an important role in both physiological functions of neurons and the …

Ferroptosis, a newly discovered type of regulated cell death, has been implicated in
numerous human diseases. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Alstonia scholaris (Apocynaceae) have been
traditionally used for treatment of respiratory diseases in “dai” ethnopharmacy for hundreds …

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious illness, the incidence and mortality of which are very high.
Free radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals (OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−), are considered to …

Brain glia possess the rate limiting enzyme indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) which
catalyses the conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine. Microglia also express kynurenine …

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction with devastating consequences, prominent
among which is lung damage. Memantine, an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) …