From a structural perspective, the predominant glial cell of the central nervous system, the
astrocyte, is positioned to regulate synaptic transmission and neurovascular coupling: the …

Most molecular and cellular studies of cognitive function have focused on either normal or
pathological states, but recent research with transgenic mice has started to address the …

When administered either systemically or centrally, glucose is a potent enhancer of memory
processes. Measures of glucose levels in extracellular fluid in the rat hippocampus during …

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have emerged as an essential tool in machine learning,
achieving remarkable success across diverse domains, including image and speech …

Recently, it was found that microglia regulated synaptic remodeling of the developing brain,
but their mechanisms have not been well understood. In this study, the action of microglia on …

Multiple recent human imaging studies have suggested that the structure of the brain can
change with learning. To investigate the mechanism behind such structural plasticity, we …

Astrocytes have long been considered as just providing trophic support for neurons in the
central nervous system, but recently several studies have highlighted their importance in …

Huntington disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in
the Huntington disease gene. The symptomatic phase of the disease is defined by the onset …

Recent studies suggest that glial cells actively participate in the formation, function,
maintenance, and repair of the chemical synapse. However, the molecular mechanisms of …

Synaptic plasticity alters the strength of information flow between presynaptic and
postsynaptic neurons and thus modifies the likelihood that action potentials in a presynaptic …