Root canal instrumentation produces a layer of organic and inorganic material called the
smear layer that may also contain bacteria and their by‐products. It can prevent the …

Chelating agents were introduced into endodontics as an aid for the preparation of narrow
and calcified root canals in 1957 by Nygaard‐Østby. A liquid solution of …

It has been recognized for many years that root canal instrumentation produces a smear
layer that covers the surfaces of prepared canal walls. This layer contains inorganic and …

When the root canals are instrumented during endodontic therapy, a layer of material
composed of dentine, remnants of pulp tissue and odontoblastic processes, and sometimes …

Cotton (cellulose) and viscose (regenerated cellulose) fibers are commonly applied in
clothing textile fabrics. Thanks to the unique hemp (lignocellulose) fibre properties and its …

A critical review of the literature suggests that the microenvironment of dentinal tubules
appears to favour the selection of relatively few bacterial types irrespective of the aetiology …

During mechanical preparation, the use of hand or rotary instruments results in the
production of considerable amount of smear layer. The smear layer consists of two parts: a …

Twenty-five extracted human anterior teeth having one root canal and straight roots were
used in this study. The teeth were subjected to routine biomechanical instrumentation and …

Three groups of 10 maxillary anterior teeth each, which had been exposed to oral media,
were flushed with 9 ml of tap water, physiologic saline solution, and alternating irrigation …

Pulpal tissue was incubated at 37° C for 10 min with various solutions used for root canal
therapy. The dissolved material was assayed for hydroxyproline (HYP) and total phosphate …