Vitamin C (ascorbate) is maintained at high levels in most immune cells and can affect many
aspects of the immune response. Intracellular levels generally respond to variations in …

Myeloid cells are crucial effectors of the innate immune response and important regulators of
adaptive immunity. The differentiation and activation of myeloid cells requires the timely …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the sentinels of the immune system, sensing a diverse array of
pathogens to stimulate a robust and appropriate immune response. To initiate responses to …

Immunotherapy strategies targeting the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-
L1)/programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway in clinical treatments have achieved …

Simple Summary Epigenetic mechanisms including methylation play an essential role in
regulating gene expression not only in cancer cells but also in immune cells. Although role …

DNA methylation is considered to be a relatively stable epigenetic mark. However, a
growing body of evidence indicates that DNA methylation levels can change rapidly; for …

BACKGROUND. The tumor immune response is increasingly associated with better clinical
outcomes in breast and other cancers. However, the evaluation of tumor-infiltrating …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) arise from common
progenitors. Tumor-derived factors redirect differentiation from immune-promoting DCs to …

In recent years, the tumour microenvironment (TME) of solid tumours has attracted more and
more attention from researchers, especially those non-tumour components such as immune …

Immune cells are one of the most complex and diverse systems in the human organism.
Such diversity implies an intricate network of different cell types and interactions that are …