The superior colliculus, or tectum in the case of non-mammalian vertebrates, is a part of the
brain that registers events in the surrounding space, often through vision and hearing, but …

Escape is one of the most studied animal behaviors, and there is a rich normative theory that
links threat properties to evasive actions and their timing. The behavioral principles of …

Gaze stabilization compensates for movements of the head or external environment to
minimize image blurring. Multisensory information stabilizes the scene on the retina via the …

A comparison of the vertebrate motor systems of the oldest group of now living vertebrates
(lamprey) with that of mammals shows that there are striking similarities not only in the basic …

Amniotes, such as mammals and reptiles, have vision and other senses represented in the
pallium, whereas anamniotes, such as amphibians, fish and cyclostomes (including …

Animals respond to visual threats, such as a looming object, with innate defensive
behaviors. Here, we report that a specific type of retinal ganglion cell (RGC), the OFF …

The primary driver of the evolution of the vertebrate nervous system has been the necessity
to move, along with the requirement of controlling the plethora of motor behavioural …

The role of dopamine in the control of movement is traditionally associated with ascending
projections to the basal ganglia. However, more recently descending dopaminergic …

For animals to survive, they must interact with their environment, taking in sensory
information and making appropriate motor responses. Early on during vertebrate evolution …

The superior colliculus is a conserved sensorimotor structure that integrates visual and other
sensory information to drive reflexive behaviors. Although the evidence for this is strong and …