The gut microbiota have long been recognized to play a key role in human health and
disease. Currently, several lines of evidence from preclinical to clinical research have …

Aim This review article summarizes the current clinical practice guidelines around disease
definitions and risk stratifications, and the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer …

Non-muscle–invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a highly recurrent tumor despite
intravesical immunotherapy instillation with the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. In a …

This study examined the ability of a papillomavirus-like particle drug conjugate, belzupacap
sarotalocan (AU-011), to eradicate subcutaneous tumors after intravenous injection and to …

Vaccines used to prevent infections have long been known to stimulate immune responses
to cancer as illustrated by the approval of the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine to …

Bladder cancer is a significant public health concern and social burden due to its high
recurrence risk. Intravesical drug instillation is the primary therapy for bladder cancer to …

Salmonella enterica is a diverse species that infects both humans and animals. S. enterica
subspecies enterica consists of more than 1,500 serovars. Unlike typhoidal Salmonella …

It is now well-recognized that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is not only a key regulator
of cancer progression but also plays a crucial role in cancer treatment responses. Recently …

Preclinical data show that intravesical instillation of Ty21a/Vivotif, a commercial vaccine
against typhoid fever, is an effective alternative option to standard Bacillus Calmette–Guérin …

Background Standard of care treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)
with intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) is associated with side effects, disease …