Scoliosis is a 3D spinal deformation where the spine takes a lateral curvature, forming an
angle in the coronal plane. Diagnosis of scoliosis requires periodic detection, and frequent …

Three-dimensional (3-D) freehand ultrasound (US) imaging has been applied to the
investigation of spine deformity. However, it is a challenge for the current 3-D imaging …

The ultrasound (US) imaging technique has been applied to scoliosis assessment, and the
proxy Cobb angle can be acquired on the US coronal images. The spinous process angle …

Standing X-ray radiograph with Cobb's method is the gold standard for scoliosis diagnosis.
However, radiation hazard restricts its application, especially for close follow-up of …

Periodic inspection and assessment are important for scoliosis patients. 3D ultrasound
imaging has become an important means of scoliosis assessment as it is a real-time, cost …

Background Ultrasound (US) imaging for scoliosis assessment is challenging for a non‐
experienced operator. The robotic scanning was developed to follow a spinal curvature with …

Abstract 3D ultrasound imaging has become one of the common diagnosis ways to assess
scoliosis since it is radiation-free, real-time, and low-cost. Spine curvature angle …

Abstract Purpose Bending Asymmetry Index (BAI) has been proposed to characterize the
types of scoliotic curve in three-dimensional ultrasound imaging. Scolioscan has …

Real‐time 3D ultrasound has gained popularity in many fields because it can provide
interactive feedback to help acquire high‐quality images or to conduct timely diagnosis …

Purpose Using X-ray to evaluate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) conditions is the
clinical gold standard, with potential radiation hazards. 3D ultrasound has demonstrated its …