The design and planning of railway alignments is the dominant task in railway construction.
However, it is difficult to achieve self‐learning and learning from human experience with …

Optimizing highway alignments is a very complex engineering problem. The factors that
should be considered in the design process are complex and interrelated. Although several …

This paper presents an intelligent optimization tool that assists planners and designers in
finding preferable highway alignments, connecting specified endpoints or zones. It …

Optimizing highway alignment requires a versatile set of cost functions and an efficient
search method to achieve the best design. Because of numerous highway design …

Various challenging constraints must be satisfied in railway alignment design for
topographically complex mountainous regions. The alignment design for such environments …

In highway design we should try to select an economical alignment based on topography,
soil conditions, socioeconomic considerations, and other factors, while subject to a set of …

Railway alignment design is complex and time-consuming, especially for mountainous
areas where the natural terrain gradient between the start and end points greatly exceeds …

This paper presents the formulation of a three-dimensional highway alignment optimization
model. The coordinates of the highway is parametrized by using a three-dimensional cubic …

Reasonable design and planning of alignments are crucial for both economic investment
and the environmental impact of high-speed railway projects. Approaches that can integrate …

A three-dimensional forest road alignment model, TRACER, was developed to assist a forest
road designer with rapid evaluation of alternative road paths. The objective is to design a …