Its increasing incidence has led stroke to be the second leading cause of death worldwide.
Despite significant advances in recanalization strategies, patients are still at risk for …

One of the most important causes of neurological morbidity and mortality in the world is
ischemic stroke. It can be a result of multiple events such as embolism with a cardiac origin …

As part of the neurovascular unit, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a unique, dynamic
regulatory boundary that limits and regulates the exchange of molecules, ions, and cells …

Traumatic brain injury leads to cellular damage which in turn results in the rapid release of
damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that prompt resident cells to release …

Stroke is the second most common cause of death and the leading cause of disability
worldwide. Brain injury following stroke results from a complex series of pathophysiological …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is the prototypic pro-inflammatory cytokine. It is central to host
defense and inflammatory responses but under certain circumstances also triggers cell …

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that exerts both
homeostatic and pathophysiological roles in the central nervous system. In pathological …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a term used to describe a series of properties possessed
by the vasculature of the central nervous system (CNS) that tightly regulate the movement of …

Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and other forms
of ischemic brain injury. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory response is a …

Recent works in the area of stroke and brain ischemia has demonstrated the significance of
the inflammatory response accompanying necrotic brain injury. Acutely, this response …