Influenza is an acute respiratory disease in mammals and domestic poultry that emerges
from zoonotic reservoirs in aquatic birds and bats. Although influenza viruses are among the …

Only type A influenza viruses are known to cause natural infections in birds, but viruses of all
15 haemagglutinin and all nine neuraminidase influenza A subtypes in the majority of …

Only viruses of the Influenzavirus A genus have been isolated from birds and termed avian
influenza [AI] viruses, but viruses with all 16 haemagglutinin [H1–H16] and all 9 …

The reported transmission of avian H9N2 influenza viruses to humans and the isolation of
these viruses from Hong Kong poultry markets lend urgency to studies of their ecology and …

This paper reviews the worldwide situation regarding avian influenza infections in poultry
from 1997 to March 2004. The increase in the number of primary introductions and the …

Emerging infectious diseases, most of which are considered zoonotic in origin, continue to
exact a significant toll on society. The origins of major human infectious diseases are …

H9N2 influenza viruses are frequently isolated from chicken meat and bone marrow
imported from China to Japan since 2001. These isolates were experimentally inoculated …

Avian influenza (AI) is a listed disease of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) that
has become a disease of great importance both for animal and human health. The …

Avian influenza (AI) is a complex infection of birds, of which the ecology and epidemiology
have undergone substantial changes over the last decade. Avian influenza viruses infecting …

We surveyed live-poultry markets in Korea in 2003 and isolated 9 H9N2, 6 H3N2, and 1
H6N1 influenza viruses. Antigenic and phylogenetic analyses showed that all 9 H9N2 …