Background: Alcohol is a teratogen and prenatal exposure may adversely impact the
developing fetus, increasing risk for negative outcomes, including Fetal Alcohol Spectrum …

Purpose The use of alternative matrices in toxicological analyses has been on the rise in
clinical and forensic settings. Specimens alternative to blood and urine are useful in …

Although alcohol use disorders rank among the leading public health problems worldwide,
hazardous drinking practices and associated morbidity continue to remain underdiagnosed …

Background Alcohol‐related disorders are common, expensive in their course, and often
underdiagnosed. To facilitate early diagnosis and therapy of alcohol‐related disorders and …

Ethanol is a widely used psychoactive drug whose chronic abuse is associated with organ
dysfunction and disease. Although the prevalent metabolic fate of ethanol in the human …

Background Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a worldwide public health concern. While
PAE is known to be associated with low birth weight, little is known about timing and quantity …

Background Ethanol use can lead to many health and socio-economic problems. Early
identification of risky drinking behaviors helps provide timely clinical and social …

Alcohol exposure during pregnancy can cause adverse effects to the fetus, because it
interferes with fetal development, leading to later physical and mental impairment. The most …

Most children with in utero alcohol exposure do not exhibit all features of fetal alcohol
syndrome (FAS), and a challenge for clinicians is to make an early diagnosis of fetal alcohol …

Consuming alcohol during pregnancy is one of the most verified prenatal risk factors for
impaired child development. Information about the amount of alcohol consumed prenatally …