Abstract Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, is
involved in innate immunity and mediates inflammatory responses by recognizing …

Background Use of topical nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat chronic
musculoskeletal conditions has become widely accepted because they can provide pain …

Background This review is an update of'Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic
neuropathic pain in adults' last updated in Issue 2, 2013. Topical creams with capsaicin are …

This study aimed to evaluate and compare, using the methodology of Franz diffusion cells,
the ketoprofen (KTP) releasing profiles of two formulations: A gel and a conventional …

purpose. Manufacturing. Distribution. Exportation and sale. The Controlled Substance Act
established five drug schedules and classified them to control their manufacture and …

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective anti-inflammatory and
analgesic agents and are among the most commonly used classes of medications …

Background Use of topical NSAIDs to treat acute musculoskeletal conditions has become
widely accepted because they can provide pain relief without associated systemic adverse …

Pain is common and poorly managed in patients with advanced CKD, likely due to both
under and over prescription of appropriate analgesics. Poorly managed pain contributes to …

This is one of a series of occasional articles on therapeutics for common or serious
conditions, covering new drugs and old drugs with important new indications or concerns …

The approach to patients with acute pain begins by identifying the underlying cause and a
disease-specific treatment. The first-line pharmacologic agent for the symptomatic treatment …