Insect declines are being reported worldwide for flying, ground, and aquatic lineages. Most
reports come from western and northern Europe, where the insect fauna is well-studied and …

Over the past decade, the Arctic has warmed by 0.75° C, far outpacing the global average,
while Antarctic temperatures have remained comparatively stable. As Earth approaches 2° …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

Key observational indicators of climate change in the Arctic, most spanning a 47 year period
(1971–2017) demonstrate fundamental changes among nine key elements of the Arctic …

Pollinating species are in decline globally, with land use an important driver. However, most
of the evidence on which these claims are made is patchy, based on studies with low …

Insects are among the most diverse and widespread animals across the biosphere and are
well‐known for their contributions to ecosystem functioning and services. Recent increases …

By facilitating plant reproduction, pollinators perform a crucial ecological function that
supports the majority of the world's plant diversity, and associated organisms, and a …

Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation
determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It …

Highlights•Climate change can alter insect phenology in complex and counterintuitive
ways.•Advances in springtime phenology with warming are widespread but not …

Phenology has achieved a prominent position in current scenarios of global change
research given its role in monitoring and predicting the timing of recurrent life cycle events …