Neuroscience research is undergoing a minor revolution. Recent advances in machine
learning and artificial intelligence research have opened up new ways of thinking about …

There is growing interest in diffusion models to represent the cognitive and neural processes
of speeded decision making. Sequential-sampling models like the diffusion model have a …

Highlights•New generations of recording and computing technologies have enabled
neuroscience at the level of the neural population.•Landmark scientific findings suggest the …

Rewards are crucial objects that induce learning, approach behavior, choices, and
emotions. Whereas emotions are difficult to investigate in animals, the learning function is …

Musicians can perform at different tempos, speakers can control the cadence of their
speech, and children can flexibly vary their temporal expectations of events. To understand …

There are few behavioral effects as ubiquitous as the speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT). From
insects to rodents to primates, the tendency for decision speed to covary with decision …

In many circumstances alternative courses of action and thoughts have to be inhibited to
allow the emergence of goal-directed behavior. However, this has not been the accepted …

Sensory signals are highly structured in both space and time. These structural regularities in
visual information allow expectations to form about future stimulation, thereby facilitating …

Highlights•Preparatory activity is a neural correlate of motor planning.•Multiple brain areas
cooperate to maintain preparatory activity.•Preparatory activity sets network activity to an …

Sequential sampling models assume that people make speeded decisions by gradually
accumulating noisy information until a threshold of evidence is reached. In cognitive …