Abstract PI3K/AKT signaling leads to reduced apoptosis, stimulates cell growth and
increases proliferation. Under normal conditions, PI3K/AKT activation is tightly controlled …

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are mitogens that play a pivotal role in regulating cell
proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The effects of IGFs are mediated through the IGF …

IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) signaling and functions are mediated through the activities of a
complex molecular network of positive (eg., type I IGF) and negative (eg., the type II IGF …

Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a 7.5 kDa mitogenic peptide hormone expressed by liver
and many other tissues. It is three times more abundant in serum than IGF1, but our …

Carrying excess body fat is a leading cause of cancer. Epidemiologic evidence gives strong
clues about the mechanisms that link excess adiposity to risk for several cancer sites. For …

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are important mediators of growth, development, and
survival, are synthesized by almost any tissue in the body, and their action is modulated by a …

Cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, including the liver, bile ducts, and pancreas, constitute
the largest group of malignant tumors. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common …

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a polypeptide hormone that has a high degree of
structural similarity to human proinsulin. Owing to its ubiquitous nature and its role in …

The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) mediates tumor cellgrowth, adhesion,
and protection from apoptosis. High plasma IGF-I levels predispose to prostate cancer, but …

An important role for β-catenin pathways in colorectal carcinogenesis was first suggested by
the protein's association with adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein, and by evidence of …