Although social interactions are known to drive pathogen transmission, the contributions of
socially transmissible host-associated mutualists and commensals to host health and …

The growing body of relevant clinical and experimental evidence for antibiotic-mediated
microbiome perturbation is concerning, although further causal evidence is required. Within …

In early life, the intestinal mucosa and immune system undergo a critical developmental
process to contain the expanding gut microbiome while promoting tolerance toward …

Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis is a prevalent member of the gut microbiota of
breastfed infants. In this study, the effects of human breastmilk-derived B. longum subsp …

Besides its canonical role in protecting the host from pathogens, the immune system plays
an arguably equally important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Within barrier tissues …

The importance of the microbiota in the intestinal tract for human health has been
increasingly recognized. In this perspective, microbiome modulation, a targeted alteration of …

Oral tolerance promotes the suppression of immune responses to innocuous antigen and is
primarily mediated by regulatory T cell (Tregs). The development of oral tolerance begins in …

The mechanisms of how host-microbe mutualistic relationships are established at weaning
contingently upon B-cell surveillance remain inadequately elucidated. We found that …

Pathogenic viral infection represents a major challenge to human health. Due to the vast
mucosal surface of respiratory tract exposed to the environment, host defense against …

Maternal immunoglobulins of the class G (IgGs) protect offspring from enteric infection, but
when, where, and how these antibodies are physiologically generated and confer protection …