The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed an interconnected and tightly coupled globalized
world in rapid change. This article sets the scientific stage for understanding and responding …

Changing the course of Earth's climate is increasingly urgent, but there is also a concurrent
need for proactive stewardship of the adaptive capacity of the rapidly changing biosphere …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

Although our knowledge of climate change impacts on energy systems has increased
substantially over the past few decades, there remains a lack of comprehensive overview of …

Small-scale fisheries and aquaculture (SSFA) provide livelihoods for over 100 million
people and sustenance for~ 1 billion people, particularly in the Global South. Aquatic foods …

The varied effects of recent extreme weather events around the world exemplify the uneven
impacts of climate change on populations, even within relatively small geographic regions …

Tropical fisheries substantially contribute to the well-being of societies in both the tropics
and the extratropics, the latter through 'telecoupling'—linkages between distant human …

To cope effectively with the impacts of climate change, people will need to change existing
practices or behaviours within existing social–ecological systems (adaptation) or enact more …

Climate change poses significant challenges to agriculture, with serious impacts on
smallholder farmers' food security and livelihoods. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is being …

Social-ecological systems underpinning nature-based solutions (NbS) must be resilient to
changing conditions if NbS are to contribute to long-term climate change adaptation. We …