The immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has revolutionized the field of cancer
treatment, while low response rates and systemic toxicity limit its clinical outcomes. With the …

Radiotherapy (RT), including external beam RT and internal radiation therapy, uses high-
energy ionizing radiation to kill tumor cells. However, ionizing radiation inevitably damages …

Metal‐based nanomaterials have attracted broad attention recently due to their unique
biological physical and chemical properties after entering tumor cells, namely biological …

Cancer radio-immunotherapy, integrating external/internal radiation therapy with immuno-
oncology treatments, emerges in the current management of cancer. A growing number of …

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) can activate the anticancer immune response and is highly
attractive to improve cancer treatment efficacy. ICD is closely related to endoplasmic …

Tumor vaccination is a promising approach for tumor immunotherapy because it presents
high specificity and few side effects. However, tumor vaccines that contain only a single …

Dendritic cell (DC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (DEVs) are recognized as a highly
promising alternative to DC vaccines; however, the clinical testing of DEV-based …

Combined treatment of immunotherapy and radiotherapy shows promising therapeutic
effects for the regression of a variety of cancers. However, even multi‐modality therapies …

The application of nanomaterials in healthcare has emerged as a promising strategy due to
their unique structural diversity, surface properties, and compositional diversity. In particular …

Leukaemia is a dangerous malignancy that causes thousands of deaths every year
throughout the world. The rate of morbidity and mortality is significant despite many …