Importance The COVID-19 pandemic saw one of the fastest developments of vaccines in an
effort to combat an out-of-control pandemic. The 2 most common COVID-19 vaccine …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation.
The presence of autoantibodies in the sera of RA patients has provided many clues to the …

Success with B cell depletion using rituximab has proven the concept that B lineage cells
represent a valid target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and has promoted the …

Since the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), its cognate receptor
activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), and the decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation. In
the last few decades, new insights into RA‐specific autoantibodies and B cells have greatly …

Background The immunopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with T-
lymphocyte autoimmunity. However, there is growing evidence that B lymphocytes play a …

Rheumatoid factors are antibodies directed against the Fc region of immunoglobulin G. First
detected in patients with rheumatoid arthritis 70 years ago, they can also be found in …

Background Maintenance of long-term antibody responses is critical for protective immunity
against many pathogens. However, the duration of humoral immunity and the role played by …

Pre-existing serum antibodies play an important role in vaccine-mediated protection against
infection but the underlying mechanisms of immune memory are unclear. Clinical studies …

The scale of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic
has thrust immunology into the public spotlight in unprecedented ways. In this article, which …