Most swimming bacteria are capable of following gradients of nutrients, signaling molecules
and other environmental factors that affect bacterial physiology. This tactic behavior became …

Medical micro/nanorobots have received tremendous attention over the past decades owing
to their potential to be navigated into hard-to-reach tissues for a number of biomedical …

Active matter, which ranges from molecular motors to groups of animals, exists at different
length scales and timescales, and various computational models have been proposed to …

Locomotion and transport of microorganisms in fluids is an essential aspect of life. Search
for food, orientation toward light, spreading of off-spring, and the formation of colonies are …

Active colloids are microscopic particles, which self-propel through viscous fluids by
converting energy extracted from their environment into directed motion. We first explain …

Fluid dynamics plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including the locomotion of
cells such as bacteria and spermatozoa. These organisms possess flagella, slender …

Differently from passive Brownian particles, active particles, also known as self-propelled
Brownian particles or microswimmers and nanoswimmers, are capable of taking up energy …

Pressure is the mechanical force per unit area that a confined system exerts on its container.
In thermal equilibrium, it depends only on bulk properties—such as density and temperature …

Bacteria predate plants and animals by billions of years. Today, they are the world's smallest
cells, yet they represent the bulk of the world's biomass and the main reservoir of nutrients …

Nearly all bacteria form biofilms as a strategy for survival and persistence. Biofilms are
associated with biotic and abiotic surfaces and are composed of aggregates of cells that are …