The increasing energy demand and diminishing fossil fuel sources have called for the
exploration of new energy sources. To satisfy growing global energy demand and …

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have attracted great interest from researchers from academic
and industrial areas because of their interesting structural features and unique …

The biochar is a solid carbon-rich, porous material produced by the thermochemical
conversion of a diverse range of biomass feedstocks under an inert atmosphere (ie, in the …

Biomass is currently the most widespread form of renewable energy and its exploitation is
further increasing due to the concerns over the devastative impacts of fossil fuel …

Bio-oil upgrading can be achieved mainly via three types of methods that are biomass pre-
treatment, catalytic upgrading and downstream bio-oil upgrading. The article aim is to review …

Due to increasing anthropogenic activities, especially industry and transport, the fossil fuel
demand and consumption have increased proportionally, causing serious environmental …

Lignocellulosic biomass can be convert to a condensable liquid named bio-oil, a solid
product named as char and a mixture of gaseous products comprising CO 2, CO, H 2, CH 4 …

The past decades have seen increasing interest in developing pyrolysis pathways to
produce biofuels and bio-based chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. Pyrolysis is a key …

Biomass energy has become the fourth largest energy source following coal, oil, and natural
gas due to its abundantly available sources. At present, pyrolysis oil and biochar are the …

Biomass fast pyrolysis is potentially one of the cheapest routes toward renewable liquid
fuels. Its commercialization, however, poses a multi-scale challenge, which starts with the …