Background We have previously demonstrated that reduced graphene oxide (rGO)
administered intravenously in rats was detected inside the hippocampus after …

Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (cSLNs) are considered as one of the most effective lipid
nanocarriers for delivery of low water-solubility compounds and genetic materials. As the …

Two astrocyte markers, the glial water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and the glial fibrillary
acidic protein (GFAP), have been implicated in several physiological and pathological …

Early responses to a neurological excitotoxic process include blood‐brain barrier (BBB)
impairment and overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but the long …

Spider venoms contain neurotoxic peptides aimed at paralyzing prey or for defense against
predators; that is why they represent valuable tools for studies in neuroscience field. The …

Accidents involving venomous animals are a significant public health problem, since bites
can be lethal or induce clinical complications. Spider bites from the genus Phoneutria …

Apart from its angiogenic and vascular permeation activity, the vascular endothelial growth
factor (VEGF) has been also reported as a potent neuronal protector. Newborn rats with low …

Severe accidents caused by the “armed” spider Phoneutria nigriventer cause neurotoxic
manifestations in victims. In experiments with rats, P. nigriventer venom (PNV) temporarily …

Phoneutria nigriventer spider accidental envenomation provokes neurotoxic manifestations,
which when critical, results in epileptic‐like episodes. In rats, P. nigriventer venom (PNV) …

An important transcellular transport mechanism in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) involves
caveolae, which are specialized delta-shaped domains of the endothelial plasma …