Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large group of enveloped viruses with a single-strand RNA
genome, which continuously circulate in mammals and birds and pose a threat to livestock …

RNA viruses are characterized by high mutation and recombination rates, which allow a
rapid adaptation to new environments. Most of the emerging diseases and host jumps are …

Despite the fact that vaccine resistance has been typically considered a rare phenomenon,
some episodes of vaccine failure have been reported with increasing frequency in …

Simple Summary In future decades, the demand for poultry meat and eggs is predicted to
considerably increase in pace with human population growth. Although this expansion …

Avian infectious bronchitis is a contagious viral disease, caused by avian infectious
bronchitis virus (IBV), that leads to severe losses in the poultry industry all over the world …

Infectious bronchitis (IB) virus (IBV) causes considerable economic losses to poultry
production. The data on transmission dynamics of IBV in China are limited. The complete …

The identification of a new circovirus (Porcine circovirus 3, PCV‐3) has raised a remarkable
concern because of some analogies with Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV‐2). Preliminary results …

Avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) has been recognized as a respiratory pathogen of turkey
and chickens for a long time. Recently, a crescent awareness of aMPV, especially subtype …

A complete genome sequence of an avian coronavirus (AvCoV; 27,663 bp excluding 3′
poly (A) tail) was determined using nontargeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of an …

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is distributed worldwide and causes significant losses in the
poultry industry. In recent decades, lineages GI‐19 and GI‐7 have become the most …