At high elevation or latitude, trees reach low-temperature range limits. In attempting an
explanation, the range limits of individual tree species (set by freezing tolerance) and the …

Temperate climates are defined by distinct temperature seasonality with large and often
unpredictable weather during any of the four seasons. To thrive in such climates, trees have …

Extreme climate events (ECEs) such as severe droughts, heat waves, and late spring frosts
are rare but exert a paramount role in shaping tree species distributions. The frequency of …

While climate warming reduces the occurrence of frost events, the warming-induced
lengthening of the growing season of plants in the Northern Hemisphere may actually …

Accurate predictions of spring plant phenology with climate change are critical for
projections of growing seasons, plant communities and a number of ecosystem services …

Late-spring frosts (LSFs) affect the performance of plants and animals across the world's
temperate and boreal zones, but despite their ecological and economic impact on …

Winters and early springs are predicted to become warmer in temperate climates under
continued global warming, which in turn is expected to promote earlier plant development …

Attempts at explaining range limits of temperate tree species still rest on correlations with
climatic data that lack a physiological justification. Here, we present a synthesis of a …

Species' range limits are ubiquitous. This suggests that the evolution of the ecological niche
is constrained in general and at the edges of distributions in particular. While there may be …

The physiological challenges posed by climate change for seasonal, perennial plants
include increased risk of heat waves, postbudbreak freezing ('false springs'), and droughts …